Ten years after its publication and the impacts on cryptographic module security testing yongbin zhou, dengguo feng state key laboratory of information security, institute of software. Software cachebased side channel attacks are a serious new class of threats for computers. First,cloudradar focuses on the root causes of cachebased side channel attacks and hence is hard to evade using di. A sidechannel attack occurs when an attacker is able to use some additional information leaked from the implementation of a cryptographic function to cryptanalyze the function. Cache timing attacks 36, 32, 27, 25, 2, 48 infer the memory contents or a control. Researchers suggest amd chips subject to cache side. We propose a new form of strong kernel isolation to mitigate prefetch side channel attacks and double page fault attacks on kernel memory. To put it simply, perhaps your family is going out of town and you dont want anyone to know. Knowledge of phys ical address information can be exploited to bypass smep and smap 27, as well as in sidechannel attacks 11,22,34, 35,42 and rowhammer attacks 10,29,30,45. Sidechannel analysis of cryptographic rfids with analog.
These scripts perform the various attacks and combination of settings supported by jlsca. Starting with 38, 58, 72, gnupg has been targeted by various key extraction attacks. Inthe caseofopenglworkloads,wediscoverthatkernelsshaderpro. Researchers suggest amd chips subject to cache sidechannel.
A side channel attack occurs when an attacker is able to use some additional information leaked from the implementation of a cryptographic function to cryptanalyze the function. While we demonstrate the effectiveness of our technique against cachebased side channels in particular, we expect that the same general defense paradigm can be applied to other categories of side channels using different diversifying transformations than. Electronic safe lock see talk def con 24 plore side channel attacks on high security electronic safe locks by plore resistor in series to battery and lock amplified current power analysis side channel attack high current consumption. Black hat talk stuff, like my cfp submission and talk slides. Note on sidechannel attacks and their countermeasures. Via measuring side channel data, the attacker has the ability to capture very sensitive data. Exploiting machine learning techniques to perform side.
This paper presents a detailed study and analysis to cache sidechannel attacks in cloud computing. For welldesigned ciphers, side channel attack might be the only feasible way to recover the key to the device in practice. A case study for mobile devices raphael spreitzer, veelasha moonsamy, thomas korak, and stefan mangard abstract side channel attacks on mobile devices have gained increasing attention since their introduction in 2007. The main differences between our work and 10 are as follows.
Pdf the need for a secured data transfer through the internet is most. In this work we would like to introduce a machinelearning based attacking strategy for side channel attack. The attacks are easy to perform, effective on most platforms, and do not require spe. Historical analogues to modern side channel attacks are known. This paper demonstrates on a real system a new highresolution llc side channel attack that relaxes some of these assumptions. Various speculative execution side channel attack methods have been described in recent years.
Protecting sgx enclaves from practical sidechannel. Side channel attacks are an important class of implementation level attacks on cryptographic systems that exploits leakage of information through datadependent characteristics of physical. Cache sidechannel attacks and the case of rowhammer. And cryptographic keys are one situation where getting a small number of bits helps you a lot. Amd processors have cache way predictors that can leak information when subjected to attacks, according a paper pdf by university researchers. Our technique achieves a high attack resolution without relying on weaknesses in the os or virtual machine monitor or on. Template attacks are a powerful type of side channel attack. This often carries information about the cryptographic keys. Apr 02, 2020 jlsca is a library, but there are a few script files in jlscas examples directory. This most recent version of this code lives on github. For example, in a differential power analysis attack. While traditional side channel attacks, such as power analysis attacks. These attacks are a subset of profiling attacks, where an attacker creates a profile of a sensitive device and applies this profile to quickly find a victims secret key. Tunstall 1 department of computer science, university of bristol.
In 28, a successful sidechannel attack against a simple passwordbased authentication mechanism of an ultrahigh frequency uhf. Leveraging malicious pdfs is a great tactic for threat actors because the file format and file readers have a long history of exposed and, later, patched flaws. These attacks typically consist of a training phase and an attack phase. A side channel attack is one that solves the captcha but not the ai problem it is based on, therefore not improving the state of the art on ai 52. A brute force attack on the advanced encryption standard aes algorithm, in which you try each and every possible value of the 128 bit key, is impossible with todays technology. On the feasibility of side channel attacks with braincomputer interfaces ivan martinovic, doug davies y, mario frank, daniele peritoy, tomas rosz, dawn songy university of oxford uc berkeleyy university of genevaz abstract brain computer interfaces bci are becoming increasingly popular in the gaming and entertainment industries. Hackers used a timing attack against a secret key stored in the xbox360 cpu to forge an authenticator and load their own code. This paper presents a detailed study and analysis to cache side channel attacks in cloud computing. A sidechannel leakage evaluator and analysis kit dan walters, andrew hagen, and eric kedaigle the mitre corporation bedford, massachusetts 01730 email. The purpose of this document is to introduce sidechannel attacks, as well as to assist in the decision making of how to protect cryptographic modules against such attacks. Security researcher notified intel, amd, and arm of a new side channel analysis exploit a method for an attacker to observe contents of privileged memory, circumventing expected privilege levels exploits speculative execution techniques common in modern processors not unique to any one architecture or processor implementation. Sidechannel attacks cryptology eprint archive iacr. Because these side channels are part of hardware design they are notoriously difficult to defeat.
Advanced security mechanisms for machine readable travel documents ex. Pull requests are welcome, although i have very limited time to. Sidechannel cryptanalysis is any attack on a cryptosystem requiring information emitted as a byproduct of the physical implementation. Side channel attacks or sca, monitor your power use and electromagnetic emissions during. Side channel attacks are a current class of attacks that remains very powerful in practice. On the feasibility of sidechannel attacks with braincomputer interfaces ivan martinovic, doug davies y, mario frank, daniele peritoy, tomas rosz, dawn songy university of oxford uc berkeleyy university of genevaz abstract brain computer interfaces bci are becoming increasingly popular in the gaming and entertainment industries. This paper presents defenses against page table and lastlevel cache llc sidechannel attacks launched by. The specific type of side channel attacks that we are interested in are softwarebased side channel attacks 29, and in particular attacks on the javabased android api. Clearly, given enough side channel information, it is trivial to break a. The goals of this project were to research side channel attacks and develop our own attack based on dpa to target the des and aes128 cryptosystems.
One of the most effective and popular cache attacks is the conflictbased cache attack. New cache designs for thwarting software cachebased side. Attackers aim to attack cloud environment for getting valuable information from cloud users. Ssca exploits in the relationship between the executed instructions and the side channel output. These include attacks on gnupgs rsa and elgamal implementations 33, 34, 37, 38, 55, 72 as well as attacks on gnupgs ecdh encryp tion 35 and ecdsa signatures implementations 10, 65.
Side channel analysis techniques are of concern because the attacks can be mounted quickly and can sometimes be implemented using readily available hardware costing from only a few hundred dollars to thousands of dollars. Pdf sidechannel cryptanalysis is a new research area in applied cryptography that has gained more and more interest since the midnineties. Recent research demonstrated the feasibility of highbandwidth, lownoise side channel attacks on the lastlevel cache llc. The class of implementation attacks includes both passive monitoring of the device during the cryptographic operation via some side channel, and the active manipulation of the target by injecting permanent or transient faults.
Sidechannel attacks on everyday applications black hat. A deeplearningbased side channel attack, using the power and em information across multiple devices has been demonstrated with the potential to break the secret key of a different but identical device in as low as a single trace. Pdf files a user passed to the pdftops command, and. Template attacks require more setup than cpa attacks. Schedulebased sidechannel attack in fixedpriority realtime systems. Previously, networkbased timing attacks against ssl were the only side channel attack most software. A highresolution sidechannel attack on lastlevel cache. For stepbystep instructions to perform an attack on your own system, see the getting started guide. Security of side channel power analysis attack in cloud computing.
Cache side channel attacks are attacks enabled by the micro architecturual design of the cpu. Power analysis is a branch of side channel attacks where power consumption data is used as the side channel to attack the system. Finally, we discuss the impact of the key length on side channel analysis and compare the attack complexity between mackeccak and other crypto. A memorydeduplication sidechannel attack to detect. The basic idea behind rrcs is to add randomized redundant chunks to mix up the real deduplication states of files used for the lri attack, which effectively obfuscates the view of the attacker, who attempts to exploit the side channel of network traffic for the lri attack. An attacker uses the sidechannel information from one measurement di rectly to determine parts of the secret key. A side channel attack sca is a security exploit that involves collecting information about what a computing device does when it is performing cryptographic operations and using that information. Security researcher notified intel, amd, and arm of a new sidechannel. Shielding software from privileged sidechannel attacks usenix. Ten years after its publication and the impacts on cryptographic module security testing yongbin zhou, dengguo feng state key laboratory of. Among different attacks side channel power analysis attack is a newer type of attack.
Several prior work have shown the possibilities of crossvm secret leakage via di. It surveys and reports the important directions utilized to detect and prevent them. They try to access confidential information of different organizations from the cloud. Di erential power analysis sidechannel attacks in cryptography. Previously demonstrated side channels with a resolution suf. A realtime sidechannel attack detection system in clouds 3 comparedtopastwork,cloudradar hasseveraladvantages. It allows spying on user activities but also building a covert channel with a process running on the system. We present a generic attack to circumvent kaslr, which enables rop attacks inside the kernel.
We further discuss countermeasures against side channel analysis on hardware mackeccak. Past work showed how secret information in one virtual machine vm can be extracted by another coresident vm using such attacks. While the data stored in the cache is protected by virtual memory mechanisms, the metadata about the. Differential side channel attacks dsca contains many traces, the attack exploits in the correlation between the processed data and the side channel output15. Pdf introduction to sidechannel attacks researchgate. Note on side channel attacks and their countermeasures in the last few years ciphers making use of tablelookups in large tablesand most notably aes 12, 6have received a lot of bad publicity due to their vulnerability to cache attacks 15, 1. Side channel attack an overview sciencedirect topics. Attack categories sidechannel attacks techniques that allows the attacker to monitor the analog characteristics of power supply and interface connections and any electromagnetic radiation software attacks use the normal communication interface and exploit security vulnerabilities. The main lineament of side channel attacks is that they do not focus on change of in. So far it has broken numerous implementations of cryptography including, notably, the.
The amount of time required for the attack and analysis depends on the type of attack. On the feasibility of sidechannel attacks with brain. Keywords information security, side channel attack, cryptographic module. While they do not claim cache side channel security, recent cache side channel attacks targeting sgx 11,21,60,66 and trustzone 49,80 have been shown to compromise the acclaimed privacy and isolation guarantees of these security architectures, thus undermining their very purpose.
In this paper, we consider the general class of side channel attacks against product ciphers. All variants are locally executed sidechannel cache timing attacks. Scam is a user space module that identifies cache side channel attacks using the primeandprobe technique and mitigates the effects of these attacks. Fault injection attacks on cryptographic devices and countermeasures part 1 department of electrical and computer engineering university of massachusetts amherst, ma israel koren 2 outline introduction side channel attacks passive and active fault injection attacks use rsa and aes as examples countermeasures, e.
This repository contains the source code and experiment data accompanying taylor hornbys talk at black hat 2016 titled side channel attacks on everyday applications. In fact, many side channel attacks target cryptographic keys partly because its a little bit tricky to get lots of data through a side channel. Sidechannel attacks on everyday applications youtube. A side channel attack sca is any attack based on side channel information, the information which can be gained from encryption device, which we cannot consider as the plaintext to be encrypted or the cipher text that results from the encryption procedure. The model is used to predict several values for the side channel information of a device. A 2level directional predictor based side channel attack against sgx tianlin huo 1,4, xiaoni meng, wenhao wang2, chunliang hao3, pei zhao4, jian zhai. We measure the capacity of the covert channel the attack creates and demonstrate a crosscore, crossvm attack on multiple versions of gnupg. Mitigating sidechannel attacks in clouds is challenging. Among many side channel attacks available, the reason we are particularly interested in cache as side channel attacks is that caches form a shared resource for which all processes compete, and it thus is a ected by every process. Fault injection attacks on cryptographic devices and. In this work, we begin by introducing the reader to the idea of a side channel attack in cryptography and the need for the method in cryptanalysis. A simple analysis attack exploits the relationship between the executed operations and the sidechannel infor mation.
Power analysis is a branch of side channel attacks where power consumption data is used as the side channel to attack. Tempest attacks against aes covertly stealing keys for 200 overview side channel attacks can recover secret keys from cryptographic algorithms including the pervasive aes using measurements such as power use. Electronic circuits are inherently leaky they produce emissions as byproducts that make it possible for an attacker without acess to the circuitry itself. The first part presents sidechannel attacks and provides introductory information about such attacks.
The kvm hypervisor is built into the linux kernel and. Simulation models for sidechannel information leaks. On inferring browsing activity on smartphones via usb power. Some attack parameters, for example the known key, are extracted from the file name, and some hard coded attack defaults are used i. The first function of scam is monitoring, which identifies attacks by analyzing the data of cpu counters collected through the papi library. Past work on defeating sidechannel attacks have some practical drawbacks. A side channel attack is a form of reverse engineering. New spoiler side channel attack threatens processors, mitigated by sonicwall rtdmi. However, these previouslyknown attacks on aes tend to require unrestricted, physical access to the device.
Lastlevel cache sidechannel attacks are practical palms. However, sidechannel attacks allow an attacker to still deduce the secrets by. It is named side channel, thus, as it solves the problem using a method that does not follow the intended attacking path. Sidechannel attacks provide information to find the secret key quicker than with a brute force attack. Only the format of the papers was changed to fit the style and layout of. Side channel attacks rely on measuring tendencies and frequencies of your computer to establish patterns that can extract private information from your machine. Note on sidechannel attacks and their countermeasures in the last few years ciphers making use of tablelookups in large tablesand most notably aes 12, 6have received a lot of bad publicity due to their vulner.
Cache side channel attacks are serious threats to multitenant public cloud platforms. In the training phase, the attacker models events of interest, e. Dec 28, 2017 one specific type of attack is called a side channel attack. Thwarting cache sidechannel attacks through dynamic software.
They collect side channel information, which can be in the form of timing, power consumption, radiation or sound produced by the system 3. An introduction to side channel attacks may 24, 2018 by rambus press the rapid growth of connected devices and the sensitive data they generate poses a significant challenge for manufacturers seeking to comprehensively protect their devices from attack. This article focuses on techniques for protecting against sidechannel attacks, which are attacks that rely on information from the physical implementation of security rather than exploiting a direct weakness in the security measures themselves. Side channel attacks are typically used to break implemen tations of cryptography. The issue with amds cache way predictors doesnt seem to be quite as acute of a problem, though. Mitigating trafficbased side channel attacks in bandwidth. Side channel attacks break the secret key of a cryptosystem using channels such as sound, heat, time and power consumption which are originally not intended to leak such information. Pdf analysis of side channel attacks on various cryptographic. In the following, we will describe the memory deduplication mechanisms of the popular kvm, xen and vmware esxi hypervisors.
In this paper we focus on noninvasive, passive sca exploiting the em emanation of contactless smartcards while they execute a cryptographic primitive. Indeed, consumers expect their iot devices and data to be adequately secured against a. Recently demonstrated side channel attacks on shared last level caches llcs work under a number of constraints on both the system and the victim behavior that limit their applicability. Security researcher notified intel, amd, and arm of a new sidechannel analysis exploit a method for an attacker to observe contents of privileged memory, circumventing expected privilege levels exploits speculative execution techniques common in modern processors not unique to any one architecture or processor implementation.
Unlike physical side channel attacks that mostly target embedded cryptographic devices, cachebased side channel attacks can also undermine general purpose systems. Protecting against sidechannel attacks with an ultralow. We focus on a specific type of side channel attack called power analysis, but in. For sca of rfid devices, less research has been conducted, especially with respect to attacks on realworld devices. Validity of the format is easily leaked from communication protocols in a chosen ciphertext attack. Side channel attack by using hidden markov model 2 naf recoding algorithm 2. Recently, side channel attacks are being discovered in more general settings that violate user privacy. So in their attack theyre able to extract maybe about 200 256 bits or so. Probably most important side channel because of bandwith, size and central position in computer. New methods for costeffective sidechannel attacks on. The rapid growth of connected devices and the sensitive data they generate poses a significant challenge for manufacturers seeking to comprehensively protect their devices from attack. An overview of side channel attacks and its countermeasures.
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